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e as at a later period appeared as Eleatic philosophy and as the Spinozistic System; while

in virtue of its expressing itself also in abstract numbers and lines; Pythagorean and Christian

principles have been supposed to be detected in it。 Instances of bravery and indomitable courage;

— traits of magnanimity; of self…denial; and self…sacrifice; which are found among the most savage

and the most pusillanimous nations; — are regarded as sufficient to support the view that in these

nations as much of social virtue and morality may be found as in the most civilised Christian states;

or even more。 And on this ground a doubt has been suggested whether in the progress of history

and of general culture mankind have bee better; whether their morality has been increased; —

morality being regarded in a subjective aspect and view; as founded on what the agent holds to be

right and wrong; good and evil; not on a principle which is considered to be in and for itself right

and good; or a crime and evil; or on a particular religion believed to be the true one。

§ 74

We may fairly decline on this occasion the task of tracing the formalism and error of such a view;

and establishing the true principles of morality; or rather of social virtue in opposition to false

morality。 For the History of the World occupies a higher ground than that on which morality has

properly its position; which is personal character — the conscience of individuals; — their particular

will and mode of action; these have a value; imputation; reward or; punishment proper to

themselves。 What the absolute aim of Spirit requires and acplishes; — what Providence does;

— transcends the obligations;

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