at history was on their side; and in less than 30 years; not only Russia; but Eastern Europe; China …… more than a third of humanity …… would be living according to the economic tenets of Marxist Leninism。
旁白:不到一年列寧就去世了。在列寧的葬禮上,悼念者們堅信他們是順應歷史潮流的。在不到三十年的時間裡,不僅俄國,還有東歐和中國-占人類總數的三分之一還要多-都實行了社會主義,按照馬克思列寧主義的經濟原理來發展經濟。
Lenin's successor would tighten the munist Party's iron grip on the manding heights of the economy。 Joseph Stalin introduced central planning。 Under him; the munist Party planned and managed every aspect of the economy。 While munism seemed to be forging ahead; capitalism looked to be doomed。
列寧的繼任者加強了在經濟制高點行業的鐵腕統治。斯大林引入了中央計劃。在他的領導下,共產黨為經濟生活的每個方面編制計劃並進行管理。社會似乎正在向共產主義社會邁進,而資本主義看起來註定要滅亡了。
。 想看書來
Chapter 4: A Capitalist Collapse '8:48'
第四章:資本主義的崩潰
Onscreen title: Vienna; 1923
字幕標題:維也納,1923年
NARRATOR: Germany and Austria were living with the economic consequences of the peace。 Forced to pay unbearable war reparations; the defeated governments simply printed more money。 The result: inflation; more inflation; hyperinflation。 It took a basket full of paper money to go shopping。
旁白:德國和奧地利為和平付出了經濟上的代價:戰敗了的政府完全依靠印刷更多的鈔票來支付難以承受的戰爭賠款,結果造成通貨膨脹,更嚴重的通貨膨脹,直到惡性通貨膨脹。德國居民購物要帶上整整一籃子紙幣。
KARL OTTO POHL; President; German Central Bank; 1980…1991: You saw people carrying their money on wheels because you had to pay for a piece of bread billions of reichmarks。
KARL OTTO POHL,1980-1991年德國中央銀行總裁:你看到人們用車子來運鈔票,因為他們不得不花數十億德國馬克萊買一片面包。
NARRATOR: Hayek; who was working at a statistical research institute; needed 200 pay raises in eight months。 Money was cheaper than wallpaper。 Million…mark notes lit stoves。 Shoes that cost 12 marks in 1913 sold for 32 trillion marks in 1923。 In Hitler's favorite beer keller